![]() ![]() gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate).It is likely that, as with most temperate spider species, females reach maturity at some point in their first year of life, with males maturing somewhat earlier. Specific information about number of offspring and time from egg deposition to independence is currently unavailable, as is information regarding time to sexual maturity. Zebra spiders breed in spring and early summer. While still facing the female, the male climbs on top of her, and she orients her abdomen so that he can insert sperm into her genital opening. If the female accepts the male, she crouches down, thereby signaling that the male may approach her. During the dance, the female watches the male. A male spider will dance in a zigzag pattern moving his pedipalps, front legs, and abdomen. Males use the stripped markings on their legs to attract a female. This is a visual ritual relying heavily on eyesight. ( Foelix, 2011 Ubick, et al., 2005 Weber, 2003) ReproductionĪll salticid spiders have courtship rituals in which the male performs for the female. In salticid spiders, juveniles undergo 5-11 instars before becoming an adult. Molting occurs between each of these development stages. During this phase, the spider develops functioning organ systems and hatches. "Nymph" refers to the juvenile spider, while "imago" refers to the adult. The nympho-imaginal period follows the larval period. In the larval stage, the spider survives on yolk from the egg and still lacks any distinguishable morphological features. The embryonic period begins when the egg is fertilized. Development consists of an embryonic period, a larval period, a nympho-imaginal period, and adulthood. Spiders develop in an egg sac that is usually hidden under a rock. These hairs increase the surface area of the feet and work by adhesive forces, which allows jumping spiders to stick to smooth, vertical substrates. The scopulae located on the bottom of their feet are particularly dense and are the only part of the spiders' body that touches the substrate. They have cushions of hair called scopulae on their legs and feet. The eyes in the second row provide vision in the forward direction while the final row of eyes allow the spider to look upward. This is a characteristic of spiders in the family Salticidae. The ALE (anterior lateral eyes) are smaller than the AME and are located in the first row of eyes. The main AME (anterior median eyes), which are located in the center of the first row of eyes, are extremely large and are used for binocular vision. These spiders have eight eyes arranged in three rows, with two pairs of eyes in the front row and one pair in each of the other rows. In males, the chelicerae are larger than in females and extend almost horizontally. Males have a more elaborate striping pattern on their legs. The abdomen is longer and narrower than the cephalothorax. They have 3-4 white stripes on their abdomens those at the base of the abdomen are complete, while those in the middle are narrow or broken. Females are larger than males and usually range from 4-6.5 mm while males range from 4-5.5 mm. Zebras spiders are small, ranging from 4-7 mm in size. They also live in forests, meadows, and gardens. ![]() These spiders are commonly seen on vertical surfaces such as walls, fences, window panes. Zebra spiders are a terrestrial, urban species of spider. This species has also been recorded across Russia, with additional records from Afghanistan, Greenland, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Nigeria and Argentina. They are native to Europe, where they are found throughout the continent, but are also found throughout North America north of Mexico to southern Canada, where it is believed that they are an introduced species. Zebra spiders have a Holarctic distribution. ![]()
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